母佑會的歷史

二、擴展與教廷認可（1872-1950）

• 1873年
  ▸ 意大利Castelletto d’Orba 教育當局正式認可修會在 Mornese 開設的 首所寄宿學校與小學。

• 1874年10月8日
  ▸ 修會於意大利 Borgo San Martino 設立 第一所在摩爾尼斯(Mornese)以外的會院，標誌著修會的發展。

• 1875年8月28日
  ▸ 瑪沙利羅與首批修女在鮑思高主持下，矢發終身誓願，強化修會核心成員的奉獻精神。

• 1876年
  ▸ 1月23日：修會憲章獲 教區層級批准，確立制度框架。
  ▸ 3月29日：都靈 Valdocco會院啟用，此處後成為慈幼會與母佑會共同的教育樞紐。

• 1877年
  ▸ 9月1日：修會首個海外會院於法國Nice 成立，開啟國際傳教。
  ▸ 11月9日：瑪沙利羅與首批傳教士獲教宗庇護九世接見，象徵教廷支持修會的創立。
  ▸ 11月14日：六名修女啟程前往烏拉圭，成為修會首批海外傳教士。

• 1878年12月8日
  ▸首版會憲印刷發行。

• 1879年2月4日
  ▸ 總會院 自Mornese遷至意大利 Nizza Monferrato，強化修會中心功能。

• 1880年
  ▸ 慈幼會與母佑會合作開展阿根廷Patagonia的傳教工作，深化南美扎根。
  ▸ 4月12日：摩爾尼斯(Mornese)的首所寄宿學校關閉，標誌著修會的資源整合與轉型。

• 1881年
  ▸ 2-3月：瑪沙利羅在法國St.Cyr重病，健康急劇惡化。
  ▸ 5月14日：瑪沙利羅於Nizza Monferrato逝世，享年44歲。其任內修會擴展至26所會院、166名修女。
  ▸ 8月18日：Sr. Catherine Daghero 當選新任總會長，延續修會發展使命。

• 1884.08.11-22
  ▸ 召開第一屆全會代表大會（1st General Chapter），確立修會治理架構與未來方向。

• 1885年
  ▸ 由鮑思高神父親自修訂的第二版會憲出版，強化修會精神與組織規範。

• 1886.08.14-23
  ▸ 召開第二屆全會代表大會，回應修會快速發展所帶來的行政挑戰。

• 1888年
  ▸ 1月31日：會祖鮑思高神父於都靈逝世，修會進入後創始時代。
  ▸ 12月3日：於南美洲最南端智利設立首個院，深化拉丁美洲傳教網絡。

• 1890年
  ▸ 啟動鮑思高神父列聖程序，奠定其後世尊崇基礎。

• 1891.10.08
  ▸ 中東首所會院於 白冷（Bethlehem） 成立，連結聖地教育使命。

• 1893.12.08
  ▸ 非洲首所會院於阿爾及利亞梅爾斯-凱比爾（Mers-el-Kebir）啟用，開啟北非服務。

• 1897年
  ▸ 修會重返發源地摩爾尼斯（Mornese），象徵精神根源的再連結。

• 1899.09.04-07
  ▸ 召開 第四屆全會代表大會，針對全球各會院的協調與資源整合制定策略。

1907年

教宗庇護十世正式批准母佑會會憲，修會成為普世教會認可的國際性修女團體。

1901-1950

1924-1938年：封聖進程與戰時堅守

• 1924.07.16
  ▸ Sr. Luisa Vaschetti 當選修會總會長，帶領修會度過經濟大蕭條時期。

• 1928.08.31-09.12
  ▸ 召開 第九屆全會代表大會，制定應對全球經濟危機的社會服務策略。

• 1929年
  ▸ 06.02：會祖鮑思高神父 被宣佈為 「真福」（Blessed），距封聖僅一步之遙。
  ▸ 12.06：修會總部從Nizza Monferrato 遷至都靈，強化與鮑思高會祖精神根源的連結。

• 1934年
  ▸ 04.01：教廷正式宣佈會祖鮑思高神父 為 聖人（Saint），成為青年教育者的主保聖人。
  ▸ 07.02-07：召開 第十屆全會代表大會，決議擴大南美洲原住民教育事工。

• 1935.02.10
  ▸ Sr. Eusebia Palomino Yenes 於西班牙瓦爾韋德爾卡米諾逝世，其列聖程序於1982年啟動。

• 1936年
  ▸ 05.03：教宗庇護十一世宣佈 瑪利亞·瑪沙利羅修母 為 「可敬者」。
  ▸ 09.06：西班牙內戰期間，Sr. Amparo Carbonel 與Sr. Carmen Moreno因堅守信仰遭迫害殉道。

• 1938年
  ▸ 02.09：瑪沙利羅修母的遺骸從尼扎遷葬至都靈 聖母進教之佑大殿，成為修會精神地標。
  ▸ 11.20：瑪沙利羅修會被宣佈為 「真福」，確立其教育聖師地位。

1943-1947年：戰後重建與制度革新

• 1943.09.21
  ▸Sr. Ermelinda Lucotti接任總會長，主導二戰後歐洲孤兒院重建工作。

• 1947.07.16-24
  ▸ 召開 第十一屆全會代表大會，通過戰後首部《教育憲章》，將心理學與社會學納入修女培訓體系。

歷史意義

• 聖德典範鏈：從鮑思高（1934封聖）到瑪沙利羅（1938宣福），再到多位殉道修女，形成 「教育聖徒系譜」。

• 全球化韌性：經歷經濟危機（1929）與西班牙內戰（1936），修會通過 「雙軌策略」 —— 堅守信仰核心的同時靈活應對政治動盪。

• 教育專業化：1947年《教育憲章》標誌從「慈善導向」轉型為 專業教育機構，為1953年聯合國教科文組織合作奠定基礎。

1901-1950

一、重要人物封聖進程

1904年

◼ 1月22日：Laura Vicuña於阿根廷胡寧德洛斯安第斯去世（1955年開啟封聖程序）

1907年

◼ 鮑思高神父（Don Bosco）被宣佈為「可敬者」（Venerable）

1911年
◼ 6月23日：啟動瑪沙利羅（Mother Mary Dominica Mazzarello）的封聖程序

二、教會行政與會議

1905年

◼ 9月8日－20日：召開第5屆總會議，修訂《會憲》以符合《Normae secundum quas》規範

1907年

◼ 9月8日－25日：第6屆總會議（特別會議）舉行

1913年

◼ 9月15日－23日：第7屆總會議召開

1922年

◼ 9月8日－18日：第8屆總會議召開，修訂《會憲》以符合《天主教法典》

1928年

◼ 8月31日－9月12日：第9屆總會議召開

1934年

◼ 7月2日－7日：第10屆總會議召開

1947年

◼ 7月16日－24日：第11屆總會議召開

三、機構發展與重要事件

1908年

◼ 2月7日：首批10個教省正式成立

◼ 3月19日：菲利普·里納爾迪神父（Fr. Philip Rinaldi）於都靈成立「校友會」（Past Pupils Association）

◼ 3月26日：修女Maddalena Morano於義大利卡塔尼亞去世（1935年開啟封聖程序）

1922年

◼ 亞洲首個會院於印度坦賈武爾成立

1929年

◼ 6月2日：董·鮑思高被宣佈為「真福者」（Blessed）

◼ 12月6日：總會院從尼扎蒙費拉托遷至都靈

1938年

◼ 2月9日：瑪利亞·多明我·馬扎雷洛修女的遺骸遷至都靈「進教之佑聖母大殿」

◼ 11月20日：瑪利亞·多明我·馬扎雷洛修女被宣佈為「真福者」

四、殉道與迫害相關

1935年

◼ 2月10日：修女Eusebia Palomino Yenes於西班牙瓦爾韋德爾卡米諾去世（1982年開啟封聖程序）

1936年

◼ 5月3日：教宗庇護十一世宣佈瑪利亞·多明我·馬扎雷洛為「可敬者」

◼ 9月6日：修女Amparo Carbonell與Carmen Moreno於西班牙宗教迫害期間殉道

五、其他關鍵時間點

1911年

◼ 9月7日：教廷頒布《Decretum Laudis》，正式認可慈幼會

1943年

◼ 9月21日：修女Ermelinda Lucotti被任命為總會長

總結

這段時期見證慈幼會在組織擴張、人物封聖進程上的顯著發展，同時也因政治動盪面臨迫害挑戰。時間線涵蓋：

• 聖人追封：董·鮑思高與多位修女的封聖程序推進

• 體制完善：多次總會議修訂會憲，建立教省與國際會院

• 歷史轉折：總會院遷址、亞洲首個會院成立

• 殉道見證：西班牙宗教迫害下的修女殉道事件

1901-1950

1904

On 22nd January Laura Vicuña died at Junin de los Andes (Argentina). Her cause of canonization was opened in 1955.

1905

From 8th - 20th September the 5th General Chaper took place. The Constitutions were revised to bring them into harmony with the Normae secundum quas.

1907

Don Bosco was declared Venerable.

From 8th - 25th September the 6th General (Special) Chapter was held.

1908

7th February: canonical erection of the first 10 religious provinces.

19 March: thanks to Fr. Philip Rinaldi, the Past Pupils Association was formed at Turin.

26th March: death of Sr. Maddalena Morano at Catania (Italy). Her cause of canonization was opened in 1935.

1911

23rd June: Mother Mary Dominica Mazzarello's cause of canonization was introduced.

7th September: pontifical approval of the Institute with the Decretum Laudis.

1913

From 15th-23rd September the 7th General Chapter was held.

1922

Approval of the Constitutions brought in line with the norms of the Code of Canon Law.

From 8th - 18th September the 8th General Chapter took place.

First foundation in Asia: Tanjore (India).

1924

16th July: Sr. Luisa Vaschetti was elected superior general.

1928

From 31st August to 12th September the 9th General Chapter took place.

1929

2nd June: Don Bosco was declared Blessed.

6th December: the generalate of the Institute moved from Nizza Monferrato to Turin.

1934

1st April: Don Bosco was proclaimed a saint.

From 2nd to 7th July the 10th General Chapter was held.

1935

10th February: death of Sr. Eusebia Palomino Yenes at Valverde del Camino (Spain). Her cause of canonization was opened in 1982.

1936

3rd May: Pius XI declared Mother Mary Dominica Mazzarello 'Venerable'.

6th September: Sr. Amparo Carbonell and Sr. Carmen Moreno were killed during the Spanish persecution.

1938

9th February: the mortal remains of Mother Mary Dominica Mazzarello were transferred from Nizza Monferrato to the Basilica of Mary Help of Christians in Turin.

20th November: Mother Mary Dominica Mazzarello was proclaimed 'Blessed'.

1943

21st September: Sr.Ermelinda Lucotti was appointed superior general.

1947

From 16th - 24th July the 11th General Chapter was held.

1901-1950

1904

On 22nd January Laura Vicuña died at Junin de los Andes (Argentina). Her cause of canonization was opened in 1955.

1905

From 8th - 20th September the 5th General Chaper took place. The Constitutions were revised to bring them into harmony with the Normae secundum quas.

1907

Don Bosco was declared Venerable.

From 8th - 25th September the 6th General (Special) Chapter was held.

1908

7th February: canonical erection of the first 10 religious provinces.

19 March: thanks to Fr. Philip Rinaldi, the Past Pupils Association was formed at Turin.

26th March: death of Sr. Maddalena Morano at Catania (Italy). Her cause of canonization was opened in 1935.

1911

23rd June: Mother Mary Dominica Mazzarello's cause of canonization was introduced.

7th September: pontifical approval of the Institute with the Decretum Laudis.

1913

From 15th-23rd September the 7th General Chapter was held.

1922

Approval of the Constitutions brought in line with the norms of the Code of Canon Law.

From 8th - 18th September the 8th General Chapter took place.

First foundation in Asia: Tanjore (India).

1924

16th July: Sr. Luisa Vaschetti was elected superior general.

1928

From 31st August to 12th September the 9th General Chapter took place.

1929

2nd June: Don Bosco was declared Blessed.

6th December: the generalate of the Institute moved from Nizza Monferrato to Turin.

1934

1st April: Don Bosco was proclaimed a saint.

From 2nd to 7th July the 10th General Chapter was held.

1935

10th February: death of Sr. Eusebia Palomino Yenes at Valverde del Camino (Spain). Her cause of canonization was opened in 1982.

1936

3rd May: Pius XI declared Mother Mary Dominica Mazzarello 'Venerable'.

6th September: Sr. Amparo Carbonell and Sr. Carmen Moreno were killed during the Spanish persecution.

1938

9th February: the mortal remains of Mother Mary Dominica Mazzarello were transferred from Nizza Monferrato to the Basilica of Mary Help of Christians in Turin.

20th November: Mother Mary Dominica Mazzarello was proclaimed 'Blessed'.

1943

21st September: Sr.Ermelinda Lucotti was appointed superior general.

1947

From 16th - 24th July the 11th General Chapter was held.

1951-1999

1951

24th June: Mother Mary Dominica Mazzarello, co-foundress of the Institute, was proclaimed a Saint.

15th August: the former boarding school was re-opened at Mornese.

30th August: death of Sr. Laura Meozzi in Poland. He cause of canonization was introduced in 1986.

1953

From 16th - 24th July the 12th General Chapter was held.

1954

19th November: first foundation in Australia.

1958

From 14th -24th September the 13th General Chapter took place. Sr. Angela Vespa was elected superior general.

1964

From 14th August -17th September the 14th General Chapter took place.

1969

From 16th January to 29th May the 15th General (Special) Chapter took place at Rome. Its purpose was the re-working of the Constitutions according to the directives of Vatican II. Sr. Ersilia Canta was elected superior general.

25th August: death of Sr. Maria Troncatti at Sucúa (Ecuador). Her cause of canonization was introduced in 1986.

11th October: the generalate of the Institute moved from Turin to Rome.

1970

27th June: the Pontifical Faculty of Educational Sciences was canonically erected in Turin.

1975

From 11th April - 28th July the 16th General Chapter took place.

1977

7th July: death of Sr. Maria Romero Meneses at Nicaragua. Her cause of canonization was introduced in 1988.

1981

From 15th September - 27th February 1982 the 17th General Chapter took place. It gave a final revision to the draft Constitutions. Sr. Rosetta Marchese was elected superior general.

1982

24th June: the Constitutions, renewed according to the directives of Vatican II, were approved by decree of the Sacred Congregation for Religious and Secular Institutes (SCRIS).

12th July: Sr. Teresa Vals Pantellini was declared 'Venerable'.

1984

From 24th August - 29th September the 18th General Chapter was held. Sr. Marinella Castagno was elected superior general.

1986

5th June: Laura Vicuña was declared 'Venerable'.

1988

1988 1st September: Sr. Maddalena Morano was declared 'Venerable'.

3rd September: Laura Vicuña was proclaimed 'Blessed' at Colle Don Bosco, Turin.

1990

From 19th September - 17th November the 19th General Chapter took place.

1994

5th November: Sr. Maddalena Morano was proclaimed 'Blessed' at. Catania (Italy).

1996

From 18th September - 15th November the 20th General Chapter took place. Sr. Antonia Colombo was elected superior general.

17th December: Sr. Eusebia Palomino was declared 'Venerable'.

1951-1999

1951

24th June: Mother Mary Dominica Mazzarello, co-foundress of the Institute, was proclaimed a Saint.

15th August: the former boarding school was re-opened at Mornese.

30th August: death of Sr. Laura Meozzi in Poland. He cause of canonization was introduced in 1986.

1953

From 16th - 24th July the 12th General Chapter was held.

1954

19th November: first foundation in Australia.

1958

From 14th -24th September the 13th General Chapter took place. Sr. Angela Vespa was elected superior general.

1964

From 14th August -17th September the 14th General Chapter took place.

1969

From 16th January to 29th May the 15th General (Special) Chapter took place at Rome. Its purpose was the re-working of the Constitutions according to the directives of Vatican II. Sr. Ersilia Canta was elected superior general.

25th August: death of Sr. Maria Troncatti at Sucúa (Ecuador). Her cause of canonization was introduced in 1986.

11th October: the generalate of the Institute moved from Turin to Rome.

1970

27th June: the Pontifical Faculty of Educational Sciences was canonically erected in Turin.

1975

From 11th April - 28th July the 16th General Chapter took place.

1977

7th July: death of Sr. Maria Romero Meneses at Nicaragua. Her cause of canonization was introduced in 1988.

1981

From 15th September - 27th February 1982 the 17th General Chapter took place. It gave a final revision to the draft Constitutions. Sr. Rosetta Marchese was elected superior general.

1982

24th June: the Constitutions, renewed according to the directives of Vatican II, were approved by decree of the Sacred Congregation for Religious and Secular Institutes (SCRIS).

12th July: Sr. Teresa Vals Pantellini was declared 'Venerable'.

1984

From 24th August - 29th September the 18th General Chapter was held. Sr. Marinella Castagno was elected superior general.

1986

5th June: Laura Vicuña was declared 'Venerable'.

1988

1988 1st September: Sr. Maddalena Morano was declared 'Venerable'.

3rd September: Laura Vicuña was proclaimed 'Blessed' at Colle Don Bosco, Turin.

1990

From 19th September - 17th November the 19th General Chapter took place.

1994

5th November: Sr. Maddalena Morano was proclaimed 'Blessed' at. Catania (Italy).

1996

From 18th September - 15th November the 20th General Chapter took place. Sr. Antonia Colombo was elected superior general.

17th December: Sr. Eusebia Palomino was declared 'Venerable'.

2000

2000

18th December: Sr. Maria Romero was declared 'Venerable'.

2001

11th March: Sr. Amparo Carbonell and Sr. Carmen Moreno were proclaimed 'Blessed' with 32 Spanish Salesian martyrs.

2002

14th April: in Rome Sr. Maria Romero Meneses was proclaimed 'Blessed'.

From 18th September to 16th Novmber the 21st General Chapter was held.

2004

25th April: in Rome Sr. Eusebia Palomino was proclaimed 'Blessed'.

2006

(October 23) Margherita Occhiena declared Venerable.

2008

(September 18 - November 15) XXII General Chapter. On October 24  Sr. Yvonne Reungoat is elected Superior General .

2010

Centenary of the death of Blessed Michele Rua, First Successor of Don  Bosco.

2011

(September 7) Centenary of Pontifical Approval of the Institute .

2012

16th February : Sr. Maria Troncatti was Proclaimed 'Blessed' .

(August 5) 140th Anniversary of the foundation of the FMA Institute .